THE INFLUENCE OF GUT MICROBIOTA ON NEURORANSMITTER REGULATION AND ITS IMPACT ON DEPRESSIO: AN INTEGRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE GUT MICROBIOTA WITH DEPRESSION
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is composed of trillions of microorganisms and exerts a direct influence on mental health through communication with the brain, known as the gut-brain axis. It modulates the production and release of essential neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, which are crucial for mood regulation, motivation, and behavior. Alterations in the composition of the microbiota, called dysbiosis, can disrupt this communication, leading to neurochemical imbalances strongly associated with depression. This study aimed to analyze how changes in the intestinal microbiota influence the regulation of neurotransmitters and their impacts on the development of depression. It is a descriptive study, conducted through an integrative review in the PUBMED, SCIELO, and BVS databases, using the descriptors: depression AND intestinal microbiota AND neurotransmitters. The research was carried out between March and November 2024. Inclusion criteria were original articles in Portuguese and English, published between 2016 and 2024. Exclusion criteria included simple abstracts, animal studies, theses, and case reports. The results were organized into tables containing the following information: author and year of publication, title, objective, method, and results. It was concluded that the intestinal microbiota directly affects the production and modulation of neurotransmitters through the gut-brain axis relationship. This interaction is mainly mediated by the vagus nerve, which connects the gastrointestinal tract to the central nervous system, transmitting signals from the gut to the brain and vice-versa, modulating neuronal activity and affecting cognitive processes, leading to depressive symptoms.
Article Details
We transfer the copyright pertaining to the manuscript, accepted for publication in this journal, to the exclusive property of Cadernos da Escola de Saúde, and we agree that partial or total reproduction in any means of dissemination, printed or electronic, without the prior and necessary authorization is requested from the Journal's Board of Directors.
References
2. Pickina Diniza J, Aparecida de Oliveira Neves S, Leivas Vieira M. Ação dos Neurotransmissores Envolvidos na Depressão. Ensaios e Ciências.[periódico na Internet] 2020 dez [citado 2024 Mar 28] ; 24,4.437–443.Disponível em: https://ensaioseciencia.pgsskroton.com.br/article/view/7590. doi: 10.17921/1415-6938.2020v24n4p437-443
3.Góralczyk-Bińkowska A, Szmajda-Krygier D, Kozłowska E. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Psychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci.[periódico na Internet] 2022 Sep [citado 2024 Mar 28] ; 24;23(19):11245.Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36232548/. doi: 10.3390/ijms231911245
4.Liang S, Wu X, Hu X, Wang T, Jin F. Recognizing Depression from the Microbiota⁻Gut⁻Brain Axis. Int J Mol Sci.[periódico na Internet] 2018 May [citado 2024 Mar 28] ; 19(6):1592.Disponível em https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29843470/ . doi: 10.3390/ijms19061592
5.Bharwani A, Mian MF, Foster JA, Surette MG, Bienenstock J, Forsythe P. Structural & functional consequences of chronic psychosocial stress on the microbiome & host. Psychoneuroendocrinology.[periódico na Internet] 2016 Jan [citado 2024 Mar 28] ; 63:217-27. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26479188/ doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.10.001
6. Maria da Silva C. Eixo intestino-cérebro: relação entre consumo de probióticos e saúde mental. Alimentos: Ciência, Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente. [periódico na internet]. 2021 Jun; v. 2 n. 6. Disponível em: https://revistascientificas.ifrj.edu.br/index.php/alimentos/article/view/1976
7. Galvão CM, Mendes KDS, Silveira RCCP. Revisão integrativa: método de pesquisa para a incorporação de evidências na saúde e na enfermagem.[periódico na Internet] 2008 out Jan [citado 2024 Mar 28] Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/j/tce/a/XzFkq6tjWs4wHNqNjKJLkXQ/# doi: 10.1590/S0104-07072008000400018
8.Liu L, Wang H, Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Xie P. Gut microbiota and its metabolites in depression: from pathogenesis to treatment. EBioMedicine.[periódico na Internet] 2023 Apr [citado 2024 Mar 28] ; 90:104527.Disponível em https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36963238/. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104527
9.Longo S, Rizza S, Federici M. Microbiota-gut-brain axis: relationships among the vagus nerve, gut microbiota, obesity, and diabetes. Acta Diabetol.[periódico na Internet]. 2023 Aug [citado 2008 Mar 28 ; 60(8):1007-1017.Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37058160/. doi: 10.1007/s00592-023-02088-x
10.Gao K, Mu CL, Farzi A, Zhu WY. Tryptophan Metabolism: A Link Between the Gut Microbiota and Brain. Adv Nutr.[periódico na Internet]. 2020 May [citado 2008 Mar 28] ; 1;11(3):709-723.Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31825083/. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmz127
11.Teleanu RI, Niculescu AG, Roza E, Vladâcenco O, Grumezescu AM, Teleanu DM. Neurotransmitters-Key Factors in Neurological and Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci.[periódico na Internet]. 2022 May [citado 2008 Mar 28] ; 25;23(11):5954.Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35682631/. doi: 10.3390/ijms23115954
12.Lach G, Schellekens H, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Anxiety, Depression, and the Microbiome: A Role for Gut Peptides.
Neurotherapeutics.[periódico na Internet]. 2018 Jan [citado 2008 Mar 28] ; 15(1):36-59.Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29134359/. doi: 10.1007/s13311-017-0585-0