EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE PARA PROMOÇÃO DO AUTOCUIDADO DE PESSOAS IDOSAS COM DIABETES MELLITUS
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Published:
Sep 25, 2026
Keywords:
Health education, Self-care, Diabetes mellitus
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Abstract
Objective: To identify, in the scientific literature, health education practices for promoting self-care in older adults with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Methodology: An integrative review conducted in six steps in November 2024, using the following databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Scientific Electronic Library Online, and Excerpta Medica Database. Original articles published between 2020 and 2024 in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, and available in full, were included. Results: Fifteen articles were included, most of which were conducted in Brazil (60.0%) and published in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. Regarding the publication years, 53.3% were from 2020. The main practices highlighted for promoting self-care included foot care, healthy diet, medication adherence, physical activity, and blood glucose monitoring. Final Considerations: The importance of educational practices, especially those led by nurses, is emphasized to promote self-care among older adults with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Challenges such as resistance among the male population and lack of attention to foot care were identified, suggesting the need for more effective and personalized strategies.
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Linzmeier, L. L., Vieira, P. J., & Brandão , M. L. (2026). EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE PARA PROMOÇÃO DO AUTOCUIDADO DE PESSOAS IDOSAS COM DIABETES MELLITUS. Cadernos Da Escola De Saúde, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.25192/issn.1984-7041.v26i18420
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References
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4- Golbert A, Vasques ACJ, Faria ACR de A, Lottenberg AMP, Joaquim AG, Vianna AGD. Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes. Diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes 2019-2020 [Internet]. São Paulo: Clannad; 2019 [cited 2024 Sept 6]. Available from: https://portaldeboaspraticas.iff.fiocruz.br/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Diretrizes-Sociedade-Brasileira-de-Diabetes-2019-20201.pdf
5- Rocha MCV, Costa HVCC, Cova MCC da, Rocha LMV, Lira CVCF, Souza NCVF de, et al. Diabetes mellitus em idosos: prevalência e incidência no Brasil. Braz. J. Implantol. Health Sci. [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2024 Sept 6];6(8):2418-31. Available from: https://bjihs.emnuvens.com.br/bjihs/article/view/2999
6- American Association Diabetes Educators (AADE). An Effective Model of Diabetes Care and Education: Revising the AADE-7 Self-care Behaviors. Diabetes Educ. Chicago. 2020[cited 2024 Sept 6];46(2):139-160. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0145721719894903.
7- Ministério da Saúde (BR). Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde. Departamento de Atenção Básica. Estratégias para o cuidado da pessoa com doença crônica: diabetes mellitus. Cadernos de Atenção Básica, n. 36. Brasília, 2013[cited 2024 Sept 6]. Available from: https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/estrategias_cuidado_pessoa_diabetes_mellitus_cab36.pdf
8- Orem, D.E. Nursing: concepts of practice. 2. ed. New York: McGrau-Hill, 1980. Ch.3, p. 35-54: Nursing and self-care. [cited 2024 Sept 10]. Available from: https://archive.org/details/nursingconceptso00dort/page/n5/mode/2up
9- Tanqueiro MTOS. A gestão do autocuidado nos idosos com diabetes: revisão sistemática da literatura. Revista de Enfermagem Referência [Internet]. 2013; III (9):151-160. [cited 2024 Sept 4]. Available from: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=388239968002
10- Marques FRDM, Oliveira SB, Carreira L, Radovanovic CAT, Marcon SS, Salci MA. Autocuidado de idosos com diabetes mellitus na perspectiva do modelo de atenção às condições crônicas. Rev Enferm Centro Oeste Min. 2021[cited 2024 Sept 4];11:e4159. Available from: http://doi.org/10.19175/recom.v10i0.4159
11- Presidência da República (BR). Lei nº 7.498/86, de 25 de junho de 1986. Dispõe sobre a regulamentação do exercício da enfermagem, e dá outras providências. Brasília, 1986. [cited 2024 Sept 4]. Available from: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/L7498.htm
12- Silva RA do N, Medeiros IB, Nascimento TA, Barreto MHBM. Enfermeiro Educador. REASE [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024 Sept 6];9(11):2792-8. Available from: https://periodicorease.pro.br/rease/article/view/12557
13- Vieira VAS, Azevedo C, Sampaio FC, Oliveira PP, Moraes JT, Mata LRF. Cuidados de enfermagem para pessoas com diabetes mellitus e hipertensão arterial: mapeamento cruzado. Rev baiana enferm. 2017[cited 2024 Sept 6];31(4):e21498.. Available from: https://www.revenf.bvs.br/pdf/rbaen/v31n4/0102-5430-rbaen-31-4-e21498.pdf
14- Luz HDH, Soares LM da Silva, Andrade LCC, Silva RCR, Resende MCR. Educação Em Saúde Na Promoção Do Autocuidado A Pessoas Com Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2. Sin. Mult. [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2024 Nov 20];11(1):35-7. Available from: https://periodicos.pucminas.br/index.php/sinapsemultipla/article/view/21855
15- Mendes KDS, Silveira, RCCP, Galvão CM. Revisão Integrativa: método de pesquisa para incorporação de evidências na saúde e enfermagem. Texto contexto – enferm. [Internet] 2008. [cited 2024 Set 29]; 17(4): 758-64. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-07072008000400018
16- Mendes KDS, Silveira RCCP, Galvão CM. Use of the Bibliographic Reference Manager in the selection of Primary Studies in Integrative Reviews. Texto contexto – enferm. [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2024 Set 29]; 28: e20170204. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2017-0204
17- Santos CMC, Pimenta CAM, Nobre MRC. A estratégia PICO para a construção da pergunta de pesquisa e busca de evidências. Rev. Latino-Am Enfermagem [online], 2007 [cited 2024 Set 29]; 15(3):4f. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692007000300023
18- Stern C, Jordan Z, McArthur A. Developing the review question and inclusion criteria. Am J Nurs. 2014 [cited 2024 Set 29];114(4):53-6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000445689.67800.86
19- Souza MT, Silva MD; Carvalho R. Integrative review: what is it? How to do it? Einstein (São Paulo) [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2024 Set 29]; 8(1): 102–106. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-45082010RW1134
20- Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021. [cited 2024 Set 29]; 372: n71. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
21- Oxford Centre For Evidence-Based Medicine. Levels of Evidence Grades of Recommendation [Internet]. Oxford: CEBM; 2009. [cited 2024 Set 29]. Available from: https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/resources/levels-of-evidence/oxford-centre-for-evidence-based-medicine-levels-of-evidence-march-2009.
22- Gonçalves LHT, Silva AP, Fernandes DS, Cunha CLF, Castro RLP, Uchôa VS. Conhecimento e atitude sobre diabetes mellitus de usuários idosos com a doença atendidos em unidade básica de saúde. Nursing. 2020 [cited 2024 Nov 10]; 23(260): 3497-3501.. Available from: https://www.revistanursing.com.br/index.php/revistanursing/article/view/468/443
23- Vicente MC, Silva CRR, Pimenta CJL, Bezerra TA, Lucena HKV, Valdevino SC, Costa KNFM. Functional capacity and self-care in older adults with diabetes mellitus. Aquichan. 2020 [cited 2024 Nov 20];20(3):e2032. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2020.20.3.2
24- Batista IB, Pascoal LM, Gontijo PVC, Brito PS, Sousa MA, Santos Neto M, et al. Association between knowledge and adherence to foot self-care practices performed by diabetics. Rev Bras Enferm. 2020 [cited 2024 Nov 10]; 73(5):e20190430. Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0430
25- Zeidi IM, Morshedi H, Alizadeh Otaghvar H. A theory of planned behavior-enhanced intervention to promote health literacy and self-care behaviors of type 2 diabetic patients. Prev Med Hyg. 2020 [cited 2024 Nov 10];61: E601-E613. Available from: https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/ jpmh2020.61.4.1504
26- Hernández YN, Pacheco JAC, Requena JCM, Escobar BA. Estrategia de enfermería en el autocuidado de los adultos mayores con diabetes mellitus. Rev Cubana Med Gen Integr [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Nov 10]; 36(3). Available from: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0864-21252020000300004&lng=es.
27- Moreira JB, Muro ES, Monteiro LA, Iunes DH, Assis BB, Chaves ECL. The effect of operative groups on diabetic foot self-care education: a randomized clinical trial. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2020 [cited 2024 Nov 10];54:e03624. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2019005403624
28- Farinha FT, Oliveira BND, Santos SFC, Souza WR, Razera APR, Trettene AS. Atividades de autocuidado em pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2: estudo transversal. Rev enferm UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, 2020 [cited 2024 Nov 20]; 28:e52728. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2020.52728
29- Mañao-Figueiroa VP, Echevarría-Guanilo ME, Fuculo-Junior PRB. Relation between causes of hospitalization and self-care in older adults with diabetes mellitus 2. Texto Contexto Enferm [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Nov 10]; 29(Spe):e20190296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2019-0296
30- Ferreira GRS, Viana LRC, Pimenta CJL, Silva CRR, Costa TF, Oliveira JS, et al. Self-care of elderly people with diabetes mellitus and the nurse-patient interpersonal relationship. Rev Bras Enferm. 2022 [cited 2024 Nov 10];75(1):e20201257. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-1257
31- Arruda GO, Marcon SS, Aveiro HEP, Haddad MCFL, Kalinke LP, Fonseca GS, et al. Efeitos do autocuidado apoiado por enfermeiros em homens com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Rev baiana enferm. 2022 [cited 2024 Nov 10];36:e43380. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v36.43380
32- Suksatan W, Prabsangob K, Choompunuch B. Association between health literacy, self-care behavior,and blood sugar level among older patients with Type 2 diabetes in rural Thai communities. Ann Geriat Med Res. 2021 [cited 2024 Nov 20]; 25:318–23. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4235/agmr.21.0117
33- Paes RG, Mantovani MF, Costa MC, Pereira ACL, Kalinke LP, Moreira RC. Efeitos de intervenção educativa no letramento em saúde e no conhecimento sobre diabetes: estudo quase-experimental. Escola Anna Nery. 2022 [cited 2024 Nov 20];26. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2021-0313pt
34- Silva DES, Moreira TR, Negreiros FDS, Araújo ST, Silva LMS, Moreira TMM. The effect of nursing consultation on the promotion of safe practices in insulin therapy: a retrospective study. Online Braz J Nurs. 2023 [cited 2024 Nov 20];22:e20236601. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17665/1676-4285.20236601
35- Purwanto CR, Sukartini T, Bakar A, Devy SR. Increasing self-care of patients with type-2 diabetes through implementation of nursing agency based on the health promotion model. J Pak Med Assoc [Internet]. 2023 Feb. 1 [cited 2024 Nov. 10];73(02):S130-S134. Available from: https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.Ind-S2-31
2- Presidência da República (BR). Lei 14.423, de 22 de julho de 2022. Altera a Lei nº 10.741, de 1º de outubro de 2003, para substituir, em toda a Lei, as expressões “idoso” e “idosos” pelas expressões “pessoa idosa” e “pessoas idosas”, respectivamente. Diário Oficial da União, n.139, Brasília, DF, 25 jul. 2022 [cited 2024 Nov 29]. Seção 1, p.1.
3- Instituto Brasileiro De Geografia e Estatística (BR). População por idade e sexo: pessoas idosas (60 anos ou mais de idade). Brasil, 2022[cited 2024 Sept 2]. Available from: https://www.gov.br/participamaisbrasil/blob/baixar/36065
4- Golbert A, Vasques ACJ, Faria ACR de A, Lottenberg AMP, Joaquim AG, Vianna AGD. Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes. Diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes 2019-2020 [Internet]. São Paulo: Clannad; 2019 [cited 2024 Sept 6]. Available from: https://portaldeboaspraticas.iff.fiocruz.br/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Diretrizes-Sociedade-Brasileira-de-Diabetes-2019-20201.pdf
5- Rocha MCV, Costa HVCC, Cova MCC da, Rocha LMV, Lira CVCF, Souza NCVF de, et al. Diabetes mellitus em idosos: prevalência e incidência no Brasil. Braz. J. Implantol. Health Sci. [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2024 Sept 6];6(8):2418-31. Available from: https://bjihs.emnuvens.com.br/bjihs/article/view/2999
6- American Association Diabetes Educators (AADE). An Effective Model of Diabetes Care and Education: Revising the AADE-7 Self-care Behaviors. Diabetes Educ. Chicago. 2020[cited 2024 Sept 6];46(2):139-160. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0145721719894903.
7- Ministério da Saúde (BR). Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde. Departamento de Atenção Básica. Estratégias para o cuidado da pessoa com doença crônica: diabetes mellitus. Cadernos de Atenção Básica, n. 36. Brasília, 2013[cited 2024 Sept 6]. Available from: https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/estrategias_cuidado_pessoa_diabetes_mellitus_cab36.pdf
8- Orem, D.E. Nursing: concepts of practice. 2. ed. New York: McGrau-Hill, 1980. Ch.3, p. 35-54: Nursing and self-care. [cited 2024 Sept 10]. Available from: https://archive.org/details/nursingconceptso00dort/page/n5/mode/2up
9- Tanqueiro MTOS. A gestão do autocuidado nos idosos com diabetes: revisão sistemática da literatura. Revista de Enfermagem Referência [Internet]. 2013; III (9):151-160. [cited 2024 Sept 4]. Available from: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=388239968002
10- Marques FRDM, Oliveira SB, Carreira L, Radovanovic CAT, Marcon SS, Salci MA. Autocuidado de idosos com diabetes mellitus na perspectiva do modelo de atenção às condições crônicas. Rev Enferm Centro Oeste Min. 2021[cited 2024 Sept 4];11:e4159. Available from: http://doi.org/10.19175/recom.v10i0.4159
11- Presidência da República (BR). Lei nº 7.498/86, de 25 de junho de 1986. Dispõe sobre a regulamentação do exercício da enfermagem, e dá outras providências. Brasília, 1986. [cited 2024 Sept 4]. Available from: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/L7498.htm
12- Silva RA do N, Medeiros IB, Nascimento TA, Barreto MHBM. Enfermeiro Educador. REASE [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024 Sept 6];9(11):2792-8. Available from: https://periodicorease.pro.br/rease/article/view/12557
13- Vieira VAS, Azevedo C, Sampaio FC, Oliveira PP, Moraes JT, Mata LRF. Cuidados de enfermagem para pessoas com diabetes mellitus e hipertensão arterial: mapeamento cruzado. Rev baiana enferm. 2017[cited 2024 Sept 6];31(4):e21498.. Available from: https://www.revenf.bvs.br/pdf/rbaen/v31n4/0102-5430-rbaen-31-4-e21498.pdf
14- Luz HDH, Soares LM da Silva, Andrade LCC, Silva RCR, Resende MCR. Educação Em Saúde Na Promoção Do Autocuidado A Pessoas Com Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2. Sin. Mult. [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2024 Nov 20];11(1):35-7. Available from: https://periodicos.pucminas.br/index.php/sinapsemultipla/article/view/21855
15- Mendes KDS, Silveira, RCCP, Galvão CM. Revisão Integrativa: método de pesquisa para incorporação de evidências na saúde e enfermagem. Texto contexto – enferm. [Internet] 2008. [cited 2024 Set 29]; 17(4): 758-64. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-07072008000400018
16- Mendes KDS, Silveira RCCP, Galvão CM. Use of the Bibliographic Reference Manager in the selection of Primary Studies in Integrative Reviews. Texto contexto – enferm. [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2024 Set 29]; 28: e20170204. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2017-0204
17- Santos CMC, Pimenta CAM, Nobre MRC. A estratégia PICO para a construção da pergunta de pesquisa e busca de evidências. Rev. Latino-Am Enfermagem [online], 2007 [cited 2024 Set 29]; 15(3):4f. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692007000300023
18- Stern C, Jordan Z, McArthur A. Developing the review question and inclusion criteria. Am J Nurs. 2014 [cited 2024 Set 29];114(4):53-6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000445689.67800.86
19- Souza MT, Silva MD; Carvalho R. Integrative review: what is it? How to do it? Einstein (São Paulo) [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2024 Set 29]; 8(1): 102–106. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-45082010RW1134
20- Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021. [cited 2024 Set 29]; 372: n71. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
21- Oxford Centre For Evidence-Based Medicine. Levels of Evidence Grades of Recommendation [Internet]. Oxford: CEBM; 2009. [cited 2024 Set 29]. Available from: https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/resources/levels-of-evidence/oxford-centre-for-evidence-based-medicine-levels-of-evidence-march-2009.
22- Gonçalves LHT, Silva AP, Fernandes DS, Cunha CLF, Castro RLP, Uchôa VS. Conhecimento e atitude sobre diabetes mellitus de usuários idosos com a doença atendidos em unidade básica de saúde. Nursing. 2020 [cited 2024 Nov 10]; 23(260): 3497-3501.. Available from: https://www.revistanursing.com.br/index.php/revistanursing/article/view/468/443
23- Vicente MC, Silva CRR, Pimenta CJL, Bezerra TA, Lucena HKV, Valdevino SC, Costa KNFM. Functional capacity and self-care in older adults with diabetes mellitus. Aquichan. 2020 [cited 2024 Nov 20];20(3):e2032. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2020.20.3.2
24- Batista IB, Pascoal LM, Gontijo PVC, Brito PS, Sousa MA, Santos Neto M, et al. Association between knowledge and adherence to foot self-care practices performed by diabetics. Rev Bras Enferm. 2020 [cited 2024 Nov 10]; 73(5):e20190430. Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0430
25- Zeidi IM, Morshedi H, Alizadeh Otaghvar H. A theory of planned behavior-enhanced intervention to promote health literacy and self-care behaviors of type 2 diabetic patients. Prev Med Hyg. 2020 [cited 2024 Nov 10];61: E601-E613. Available from: https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/ jpmh2020.61.4.1504
26- Hernández YN, Pacheco JAC, Requena JCM, Escobar BA. Estrategia de enfermería en el autocuidado de los adultos mayores con diabetes mellitus. Rev Cubana Med Gen Integr [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Nov 10]; 36(3). Available from: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0864-21252020000300004&lng=es.
27- Moreira JB, Muro ES, Monteiro LA, Iunes DH, Assis BB, Chaves ECL. The effect of operative groups on diabetic foot self-care education: a randomized clinical trial. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2020 [cited 2024 Nov 10];54:e03624. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2019005403624
28- Farinha FT, Oliveira BND, Santos SFC, Souza WR, Razera APR, Trettene AS. Atividades de autocuidado em pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2: estudo transversal. Rev enferm UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, 2020 [cited 2024 Nov 20]; 28:e52728. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2020.52728
29- Mañao-Figueiroa VP, Echevarría-Guanilo ME, Fuculo-Junior PRB. Relation between causes of hospitalization and self-care in older adults with diabetes mellitus 2. Texto Contexto Enferm [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Nov 10]; 29(Spe):e20190296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2019-0296
30- Ferreira GRS, Viana LRC, Pimenta CJL, Silva CRR, Costa TF, Oliveira JS, et al. Self-care of elderly people with diabetes mellitus and the nurse-patient interpersonal relationship. Rev Bras Enferm. 2022 [cited 2024 Nov 10];75(1):e20201257. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-1257
31- Arruda GO, Marcon SS, Aveiro HEP, Haddad MCFL, Kalinke LP, Fonseca GS, et al. Efeitos do autocuidado apoiado por enfermeiros em homens com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Rev baiana enferm. 2022 [cited 2024 Nov 10];36:e43380. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v36.43380
32- Suksatan W, Prabsangob K, Choompunuch B. Association between health literacy, self-care behavior,and blood sugar level among older patients with Type 2 diabetes in rural Thai communities. Ann Geriat Med Res. 2021 [cited 2024 Nov 20]; 25:318–23. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4235/agmr.21.0117
33- Paes RG, Mantovani MF, Costa MC, Pereira ACL, Kalinke LP, Moreira RC. Efeitos de intervenção educativa no letramento em saúde e no conhecimento sobre diabetes: estudo quase-experimental. Escola Anna Nery. 2022 [cited 2024 Nov 20];26. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2021-0313pt
34- Silva DES, Moreira TR, Negreiros FDS, Araújo ST, Silva LMS, Moreira TMM. The effect of nursing consultation on the promotion of safe practices in insulin therapy: a retrospective study. Online Braz J Nurs. 2023 [cited 2024 Nov 20];22:e20236601. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17665/1676-4285.20236601
35- Purwanto CR, Sukartini T, Bakar A, Devy SR. Increasing self-care of patients with type-2 diabetes through implementation of nursing agency based on the health promotion model. J Pak Med Assoc [Internet]. 2023 Feb. 1 [cited 2024 Nov. 10];73(02):S130-S134. Available from: https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.Ind-S2-31